Ukusetshenziswa kwamandla omoya

Umoya ungumthombo wamandla omusha onamandla amakhulu.Ekuqaleni kwekhulu leshumi nesishiyagalombili, umoya onamandla wavunguza eBrithani naseFrance wabhubhisa izigayo ezingu-400, izindlu ezingu-800, amasonto ayikhulu kanye nemikhumbi kaseyili engaphezu kuka-400.Izinkulungwane zabantu zalimala, futhi izihlahla ezinkulu ezingu-250 000 zasishulwa.Ngokuphathelene nokudonsa izihlahla, umoya ungakhipha amandla amahhashi ayizigidi eziyishumi (okungukuthi, ama-kilowatt ayizigidi ezingu-7,5; ihhashi elilodwa lilingana nama-kilowatts angu-0,75) ngemizuzwana embalwa!Omunye ulinganisele ukuthi imithombo yomoya etholakalayo yokuphehla ugesi emhlabeni imayelana Kukhona ama-kilowatts ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyi-10, cishe izikhathi eziphindwe ka-10 ukuphehlwa kwamandla kagesi ngamanzi emhlabeni.Amandla atholakala ngokushisa amalahle minyaka yonke emhlabeni ayingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu yamandla anikezwa amandla omoya ngonyaka.Ngakho-ke, amazwe asekhaya nawangaphandle abheka ukubaluleka okukhulu ekusebenziseni amandla omoya ukukhiqiza ugesi kanye nokuthuthukisa imithombo yamandla emisha.

Imizamo yokusebenzisa amandla omoya yaqala ekuqaleni kwekhulu lamashumi amabili.Ngeminyaka yawo-1930, iDenmark, iSweden, iSoviet Union kanye ne-United States bathuthukisa ngempumelelo amanye amadivaysi amancane okukhiqiza amandla omoya esebenzisa ubuchwepheshe be-rotor obuvela embonini yezindiza.Lolu hlobo lwe-turbine encane yomoya lusetshenziswa kakhulu eziqhingini ezinomoya nasemadolobhaneni akude.Izindleko zikagesi elizitholayo ziphansi kakhulu kunezenjini encane evuthayo yangaphakathi.Kodwa-ke, ukukhiqizwa kwamandla ngaleso sikhathi kwakuphansi, ikakhulukazi ngaphansi kwama-kilowatts angu-5.

Kuyaqondakala ukuthi ama-turbines omoya angu-15, 40, 45, 100, kanye nama-kilowatts angu-225 akhiqizwe phesheya.NgoJanuwari 1978, i-United States yakha i-turbine yomoya engu-200-kilowatt e-Clayton, eNew Mexico, enobubanzi be-blade obungamamitha angu-38 futhi ikhiqiza ugesi owanele wemizi engama-60.Ekuqaleni kwehlobo lika-1978, indawo yokuphehla amandla omoya eyaqala ukusebenza ogwini olusentshonalanga yeJutland, eDenmark, inamandla okuphehla ugesi angu-2 000 kilowatts.I-windmill ingamamitha angama-57 ukuphakama.U-75% wokuphehlwa kukagesi uthunyelwa kugridi, kanti amanye asetshenziswa isikole esiseduze..

Engxenyeni yokuqala ka-1979, i-United States yakha umshini womoya omkhulu kunawo wonke emhlabeni wokuphehla ugesi ezintabeni zaseBlue Ridge eNyakatho Carolina.Le windmill inezitezi eziyishumi ukuphakama futhi izinsimbi zayo ezinobubanzi obungamamitha angu-60;ama-blades afakwe esakhiweni esimise okombhoshongo, ngakho-ke i-windmill ingajikeleza ngokukhululekile futhi ithole ugesi kunoma iyiphi indlela;lapho isivinini somoya singaphezu kwamakhilomitha angama-38 ngehora, amandla okukhiqiza amandla nawo Afinyelela ku-2000 kilowatts.Njengoba isilinganiso sesivinini somoya kule ndawo enamagquma singamakhilomitha angu-29 kuphela ngehora, wonke ama-windmill awakwazi ukunyakaza.Kulinganiselwa ukuthi noma ngabe ithatha isigamu sonyaka, ingahlangabezana ne-1% kuya ku-2% yezidingo zikagesi ezifundeni eziyisikhombisa zaseNorth Carolina.