Ubungozi kanye nokuvinjelwa kwamaphrojekthi wamandla omoya wamazwe ngamazwe

I-Wind Power Network News: Isinyathelo esithi "Ibhande Nomgwaqo" sithole izimpendulo ezinhle ezivela emazweni agudle umzila.Njengomkhiqizi omkhulu emhlabeni wonke kanye nomthengi wamandla avuselelekayo, i-China iya ngokuya ibamba iqhaza ekubambisaneni kwamandla omoya wamazwe ngamazwe.

Izinkampani zamandla omoya zaseShayina zibambe iqhaza ngenkuthalo emncintiswaneni wamazwe ngamazwe kanye nokubambisana, zakhuthaza izimboni ezinenzuzo ukuthi zihambe emhlabeni wonke, futhi zaqaphela lonke uchungechunge lokuthunyelwa kwemboni yamandla omoya angaphandle kusukela ekutshalweni kwezimali, ukuthengiswa kwemishini, ukusebenza kanye nezinsizakalo zokuyilungisa kuye ekusebenzeni okuphelele, futhi bathola imiphumela emihle. .

Kodwa kufanele futhi sibone ukuthi ngokwanda kwamaphrojekthi wamandla omoya wamazwe ngamazwe yizinkampani zaseShayina, izingozi ezihlobene namazinga okushintshanisa, imithetho nemithethonqubo, amaholo, kanye nezombusazwe nazo zizohambisana nazo.Indlela yokutadisha kangcono, ukubamba, nokugwema lezi zingozi nokunciphisa ukulahlekelwa okungadingekile kubaluleke kakhulu kumabhizinisi asekhaya ukuthuthukisa ukuncintisana kwawo kwamanye amazwe.

Leli phepha lenza ukuhlaziya ubungozi kanye nokulawulwa kobungozi ngokucwaninga ngephrojekthi yaseNingizimu Afrika i-Company A etshala imali ekuthumeleni impahla yokushayela, futhi iphakamisa iziphakamiso zokulawulwa nokulawula ubungozi embonini yamandla omoya ohlelweni lokuhamba emhlabeni jikelele, futhi ilwela ukuba negalelo elihle ukuthuthukiswa okunempilo nokusimeme kokusebenza kwemboni yamandla omoya yaseChina emhlabeni jikelele.

1. Amamodeli nezingozi zamaphrojekthi wamandla omoya wamazwe ngamazwe

(1) Ukwakhiwa kwamapulazi omoya wamazwe ngamazwe kusebenzisa imodi ye-EPC

Amaphrojekthi wamandla omoya wamazwe ngamazwe anezinhlobo eziningi, njengemodi lapho "ukwakha-ukwakha" kunikezwa inkampani eyodwa ukuze kusetshenziswe;esinye isibonelo imodi ye-“EPC engineering”, efaka phakathi ukukhishwa kwenkontileka okuningi kokubonisana kwedizayini, ukuthengwa kwezinto zokusebenza, nokwakha ngesikhathi esisodwa;futhi Ngokomqondo wawo wonke umjikelezo wempilo wephrojekthi, ukuklanywa, ukwakhiwa nokusebenza kwephrojekthi kunikezwa usonkontileka ukuze aqalise.

Ukuhlanganisa izici zamaphrojekthi wamandla omoya, amaphrojekthi wamandla omoya wamazwe ngamazwe asebenzisa imodeli yenkontileka evamile ye-EPC, okungukuthi, usonkontileka unikeza umnikazi isethi egcwele yezinsizakalo ezihlanganisa ukuklama, ukwakhiwa, ukuthengwa kwemishini, ukufakwa kanye nokugunyazwa, ukuqedwa, igridi yezohwebo. -ukukhiqiza ugesi okuxhunyiwe, kanye nokunikezela kuze kube sekupheleni kwesikhathi sewaranti.Kule modi, umnikazi uqhuba kuphela ukuphatha okuqondile kanye nokukhulu kwephrojekthi, futhi usonkontileka uthatha imithwalo yemfanelo emikhulu kanye nezingozi.

Ukwakhiwa kwepulazi lomoya lephrojekthi yeNkampani A eNingizimu Afrika kwamukele imodeli yenkontileka evamile ye-EPC.

(2) Izingozi zosonkontileka abajwayelekile be-EPC

Ngoba amaphrojekthi anenkontileka yakwamanye amazwe ahlanganisa izingozi ezifana nesimo sezombangazwe nezomnotho sezwe lapho iphrojekthi itholakala khona, izinqubomgomo, imithetho neziqondiso ezihlobene nokungenisa, ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe, imali enkulu kanye nabasebenzi, kanye nezinyathelo zokulawula ukuhwebelana kwamanye amazwe, futhi angase ahlangabezane nezindawo ezingajwayelekile izimo zezulu, kanye nobuchwepheshe obuhlukene.Izidingo nemithethonqubo, kanye nobudlelwano neminyango kahulumeni wasekhaya kanye nezinye izindaba, ngakho-ke izici eziyingozi zinezinhlobonhlobo eziningi, ezingahlukaniswa kakhulu zibe ubungozi bezepolitiki, ubungozi bezomnotho, ubungozi bezobuchwepheshe, ubungozi bebhizinisi nobudlelwano bomphakathi, kanye nobungozi bokuphatha. .

1. Ingozi yezombangazwe

Isizinda sezombangazwe sezwe nesifunda esingazinzile lapho imakethe yezinkontileka itholakala khona singadala ukulahlekelwa okukhulu kosonkontileka.Umklamo waseNingizimu Afrika uqinise uphenyo kanye nocwaningo esigabeni sokuthatha izinqumo: INingizimu Afrika inobudlelwano obuhle namazwe angomakhelwane, futhi azikho izingozi ezicashile ezicashile ekuvikelekeni kwangaphandle;Ukuhwebelana phakathi kwe-China neNingizimu Afrika sekuthuthuke ngokushesha, futhi izivumelwano zokuvikela ezifanele zizwakala.Kodwa-ke, udaba lokuphepha komphakathi eNingizimu Afrika luyingozi ebalulekile yezepolitiki ebhekene nalo msebenzi.Usonkontileka jikelele we-EPC usebenzisa inqwaba yabasebenzi ohlelweni lokuqaliswa kwephrojekthi, futhi ukuphepha komuntu siqu kanye nempahla yabasebenzi nabasebenzi bokuphatha kuyasongelwa, okudingeka kuthathwe ngokungathi sína.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, izingozi ezingaba khona zezwe, izingxabano zezombusazwe, nezinguquko zombuso kuzothinta ukuqhubeka kwezinqubomgomo nokuphoqelelwa kwezinkontileka.Izingxabano zobuzwe nezenkolo zabeka izingozi ezicashile ekuphepheni kwabasebenzi esizeni.

2. Izingozi zezomnotho

Ingozi yezomnotho ikakhulukazi ibhekisela esimweni somnotho sosonkontileka, amandla omnotho wezwe lapho iphrojekthi ikhona, kanye nekhono lokuxazulula izinkinga zezomnotho, ikakhulukazi mayelana nenkokhelo.Kuhlanganisa izici ezimbalwa: ukwehla kwamandla emali, ubungozi bokushintshaniswa kwemali yakwamanye amazwe, ukuvikelwa, ukucwaswa kwentela, ikhono eliphansi lokukhokha labanikazi, nokubambezeleka kokukhokha.

Kuphrojekthi yaseNingizimu Afrika, intengo kagesi itholakala ngerandi njengemali yokukhokha, futhi izindleko zokuthengwa kwemishini kulo msebenzi zikhokhwa ngamadola aseMelika.Kunengozi ethile yezinga lokushintshisana.Ukulahlekelwa okubangelwa ukushintshashintsha kwezinga lokushintshisana kungadlula kalula imali engenayo yokutshalwa kwezimali kwephrojekthi.Umklamo waseNingizimu Afrika uzuze umzuliswano wesithathu wokufaka izicelo zamaphrojekthi kagesi amasha nguhulumeni waseNingizimu Afrika ngokubhida.Ngenxa yokuncintisana kwamanani aqinile, inqubo yokulungiselela uhlelo lokubhida ukuze lufakwe ekukhiqizeni yinde, futhi kunengozi yokulahlekelwa imishini ye-wind turbine kanye nezinsizakalo.

3. Izingozi zobuchwepheshe

Kubandakanya izimo zokwakheka komhlaba, izimo ze-hydrological kanye nesimo sezulu, ukuhlinzekwa kwempahla, ukuhlinzekwa kwempahla, izindaba zokuhamba, ubungozi bokuxhunywa kwegridi, imininingwane yobuchwepheshe, njll. Ubungozi obukhulu bezobuchwepheshe obubhekene namaphrojekthi wamazwe ngamazwe wamandla omoya ubungozi bokuxhuma igridi.Umthamo ofakiwe wamandla omoya aseNingizimu Afrika ahlanganiswe negridi kagesi ukhula ngokushesha, umthelela wezinjini zomoya ohlelweni lukagesi uyakhula, futhi izinkampani zamagridi kagesi ziyaqhubeka nokuthuthukisa imihlahlandlela yokuxhuma igridi.Ukwengeza, ukwandisa izinga lokusetshenziswa kwamandla omoya, imibhoshongo ephakeme kanye nama-blade amade kuwumkhuba wembonini.

Ucwaningo kanye nokusetshenziswa kwezinjini zomoya zombhoshongo ophakeme emazweni angaphandle kusenesikhathi uma kuqhathaniswa, futhi imibhoshongo emide esukela kumamitha ayi-120 ukuya kumamitha ayi-160 ifakwe ekusebenzeni kwezentengiselwano ngamaqoqo.Izwe lami lisesigabeni salo sokuqala ngezingozi zobuchwepheshe ezihlobene nochungechunge lwezinkinga zobuchwepheshe ezifana namasu okulawula amayunithi, ezokuthutha, ukufakwa, nokwakhiwa okuhlobene nemibhoshongo ephakeme.Ngenxa yokwanda kobukhulu bama-blades, kunezinkinga zokulimala noma ama-bumps ngesikhathi sokuthutha kuphrojekthi, futhi ukugcinwa kwama-blades kumaphrojekthi aphesheya kuzoletha ingozi yokulahlekelwa ukukhiqizwa kwamandla kanye nezindleko ezikhulayo.