Ucwaningo Lokuxilonga Amaphutha kanye Nokuqapha Impilo Yezisetshenziswa Zamandla Omoya

I-Wind Power Network News: I-Abstract: Leli phepha libuyekeza isimo samanje sokuthuthukiswa kokuxilongwa kwephutha kanye nokuqapha impilo yezingxenye ezintathu ezinkulu ochungechungeni lwe-wind turbine drive blades, ama-gearbox, namajeneretha, futhi lifingqa isimo samanje socwaningo kanye nokuyinhloko. izici zale ndlela yenkundla.Izici eziyinhloko zephutha, amafomu amaphutha kanye nobunzima bokuxilongwa kwezingxenye ezintathu ezinkulu zama-blade ayinhlanganisela, amabhokisi kagiya kanye namajeneretha asetshenziswa emishinini yamandla omoya kuyafingqwa, kanye nezindlela ezikhona zokuxilonga amaphutha kanye nezindlela zokuqapha Ezempilo, futhi ekugcineni amathemba okuqondiswa kokuthuthukiswa kwalo mkhakha.

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Ngenxa yesidingo esikhulu somhlaba wonke samandla ahlanzekile navuselelekayo kanye nenqubekelaphambili enkulu kubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza imishini yamandla omoya, umthamo ofakiwe emhlabeni wonke wamandla omoya uyaqhubeka nokukhuphuka kancane kancane.Ngokwezibalo zeGlobal Wind Energy Association (GWEC), ekupheleni konyaka wezi-2018, amandla omoya afakiwe emhlabeni wonke afinyelela ku-597 GW, okuyizwe laseChina elibe yizwe lokuqala elinamandla afakiwe angaphezu kuka-200 GW, afinyelela ku-216 GW. , ebalwa ngaphezu kwama-36 engqikithini yomthamo ofakiwe womhlaba.%, iyaqhubeka nokugcina isikhundla sayo njengamandla omoya ahamba phambili emhlabeni, futhi iyizwe langempela lamandla omoya.

Okwamanje, into ebalulekile evimbela ukuqhubeka kwentuthuko enempilo yemboni yamandla omoya ukuthi okokusebenza kwamandla omoya kudinga izindleko eziphezulu ngeyunithi ngayinye yokuphuma kwamandla kunamafutha ezinto ezimbiwa phansi ezivamile.Owine umklomelo kaNobel kuPhysics kanye nowayenguNobhala Wezamandla wase-US uZhu Diwen waveza ukuqina nesidingo sesiqinisekiso sokuphepha esikhulu sokusebenza kwemishini yamandla omoya, kanye nezindleko eziphezulu zokusebenza nokugcinwa kwazo kuyizindaba ezibalulekile ezidinga ukuxazululwa kulo mkhakha [1] .Impahla yamandla omoya isetshenziswa kakhulu ezindaweni ezikude noma ezindaweni ezingasogwini lapho abantu bengafinyeleleki khona.Ngokuthuthuka kobuchwepheshe, imishini yamandla omoya iyaqhubeka nokuthuthuka ngendlela yentuthuko enkulu.Ububanzi bama-blade amandla omoya buyaqhubeka nokwanda, okuholela ekwandeni kwebanga ukusuka phansi ukuya ku-nacelle lapho okokusebenza okubalulekile kufakwa khona.Lokhu kulethe ubunzima obukhulu ekusebenzeni nasekugcinweni kwempahla yamandla omoya futhi kwakhuphula izindleko zokunakekelwa kweyunithi.Ngenxa yomehluko phakathi kwesimo sisonke sobuchwepheshe kanye nezimo zepulazi lomoya zempahla yamandla omoya emazweni aseNtshonalanga athuthukile, izindleko zokusebenza nokugcinwa kwazo zisesimweni esihle sezisetshenziswa zamandla omoya eShayina ziyaqhubeka nokubala ingxenye enkulu yemali engenayo.Kumaturbine omoya asogwini anempilo yesevisi yeminyaka engama-20, izindleko zokunakekela Isamba semali engenayo yamapulazi omoya senza u-10%~15%;emapulazini omoya asogwini lolwandle, ingxenye iphezulu njengo-20%~25%[2].Izindleko eziphezulu zokusebenza nokugcinwa kwamandla omoya zinqunywa ikakhulukazi indlela yokusebenza nokugcinwa kwempahla yamandla omoya.Njengamanje, amapulazi amaningi omoya asebenzisa indlela yokunakekela njalo.Ukwehluleka okungaba khona akukwazi ukutholwa ngesikhathi, futhi ukugcinwa okuphindaphindiwe kwemishini engaguquki nakho kuzokwandisa ukusebenza nokunakekelwa.izindleko.Ngaphezu kwalokho, akunakwenzeka ukucacisa umthombo wephutha ngesikhathi, futhi kungaphenywa kuphela ngamunye ngamunye ngokusebenzisa izindlela ezihlukahlukene, okuzoletha nezindleko ezinkulu zokusebenza nezokugcina.Isixazululo esisodwa sale nkinga ukuthuthukisa uhlelo lokuqapha impilo yesakhiwo (i-SHM) yezinjini zomoya ukuze kuvinjelwe izingozi eziyinhlekelele futhi kunwetshwe impilo yesevisi yezinjini zomoya, ngaleyo ndlela kwehliswe izindleko zokukhishwa kwamandla eyunithi yamandla omoya.Ngakho-ke, embonini yamandla omoya Kubalulekile ukuthuthukisa uhlelo lwe-SHM.

1. Isimo samanje sesistimu yokuqapha impahla yamandla omoya

Kunezinhlobo eziningi zezakhiwo zemishini yamandla omoya, ikakhulukazi ezihlanganisa: izinjini zomoya ezingavumelanisiwe ezifunzwa kabili (izinjini zomoya eziguquguqukayo-isivinini esishintshashintshayo), izinjini zomoya ezisebenza ngozibuthe eziqondile, kanye nezinjini zomoya ezihambisana kancane ne-direct-drive.Uma kuqhathaniswa nezinjini zomoya ezishayelayo, ama-asynchronous wind turbines afakwe kabili ahlanganisa imishini yejubane eguquguqukayo yama-gearbox.Isakhiwo sawo esiyisisekelo sikhonjisiwe kuMfanekiso 1. Lolu hlobo lwempahla yamandla omoya lubalelwa ngaphezu kwama-70% wesabelo semakethe.Ngakho-ke, lesi sihloko sibuyekeza ikakhulukazi ukuhlonza iphutha kanye nokuqapha impilo yalolu hlobo lwemishini yamandla omoya.

Umfanekiso 1 Isakhiwo esiyisisekelo seturbine yomoya ephakelwa kabili

Izinto zamandla omoya bezilokhu zisebenza ubusuku nemini ngaphansi kwemithwalo eshintshanayo efana nezivunguvungu isikhathi eside.Isimo sesevisi esinzima sibe nomthelela omkhulu ekuphepheni nasekugcinweni kahle kwemishini yamandla omoya.Umthwalo oshintshanayo usebenza kuma-blade enjini yomoya futhi udluliselwa ngamabheringi, shafts, amagiya, amajeneretha nezinye izingxenye zeketango lokudlulisa, okwenza iketango lokudlulisela lithambekele kakhulu ekungasebenzini phakathi nesevisi.Njengamanje, uhlelo lokuqapha olufakwe kabanzi ezintweni zamandla omoya luwuhlelo lwe-SCADA, olungaqapha isimo sokusebenza sempahla yamandla omoya njengamanje, i-voltage, uxhumano lwegridi nezinye izimo, futhi lunemisebenzi efana nama-alamu nemibiko;kodwa uhlelo luqapha isimo Imingcele inqunyelwe, ikakhulukazi amasignali afana namanje, i-voltage, amandla, njll., futhi kusekhona ukuntuleka kokuqapha kokudlidliza nemisebenzi yokuxilongwa kwephutha yezingxenye ezibalulekile [3-5].Amazwe angaphandle, ikakhulukazi amazwe aseNtshonalanga athuthukile, anesikhathi eside athuthukisa imishini yokuqapha isimo kanye nesoftware yokuhlaziya eqondene ngqo nezinto zokusebenza zamandla omoya.Yize ubuchwepheshe bokuqapha ukudlidliza kwasekhaya buqale sekwephuzile, buqhutshwa ukusebenza okukude kwamandla omoya wasekhaya kanye nesidingo semakethe yokulungisa, ukuthuthukiswa kwezinhlelo zokuqapha zasekhaya nakho kungene esigabeni sokuthuthuka ngokushesha.Ukuxilongwa kwephutha okuhlakaniphile kanye nokuvikela okuyisixwayiso kusenesikhathi kwempahla yamandla omoya kunganciphisa izindleko futhi kukhuphule ukusebenza kahle kokusebenza kwamandla omoya nokugcinwa kahle, futhi kuzuze ukuvumelana embonini yamandla omoya.

2. Izici eziyinhloko zephutha zemishini yamandla omoya

Imishini yamandla omoya iwuhlelo oluyinkimbinkimbi lwe-electromechanical oluhlanganisa ama-rotor (ama-blades, hubs, pitch systems, njll.), ama-bearings, ama-shaft amakhulu, amabhokisi egiya, amajeneretha, imibhoshongo, ama-yaw systems, izinzwa, njll. Ingxenye ngayinye ye-turbine yomoya ingaphansi kwayo imithwalo eshintshanayo phakathi nenkonzo.Njengoba isikhathi sesevisi sikhula, izinhlobo ezahlukene zomonakalo noma ukwehluleka akunakugwemeka.

Umfanekiso 2 Isilinganiso sezindleko zokulungisa ingxenye ngayinye yempahla yamandla omoya

Umfanekiso 3 Isilinganiso sesikhathi sokuphumula sezingxenye ezihlukahlukene zemishini yamandla omoya

Kungabonakala kuMfanekiso 2 kanye noMfanekiso 3 [6] ukuthi isikhathi sokuphumula esibangelwa ama-blades, ama-gearbox, namajeneretha sibe ngaphezu kuka-87% wesikhathi sokuphumula esingahleliwe, futhi izindleko zokuyilungisa ziba ngaphezu kuka-3 wezindleko zokulungisa./4.Ngakho-ke, ekuqaphelweni kwesimo, ukuhlonzwa kwamaphutha kanye nokuphathwa kwezempilo kwama-wind turbines, ama-blades, ama-gearbox, namajeneretha yizingxenye ezintathu ezinkulu ezidinga ukunakwa.I-Wind Energy Professional Committee ye-Chinese Renewable Energy Society yaveza ocwaningweni lwango-2012 ngekhwalithi yokusebenza kwemishini kazwelonke yamandla omoya[6] ukuthi izinhlobo ezihlulekayo zama-wind power blades ikakhulukazi zihlanganisa ukuqhekeka, ukushaywa kombani, ukuphuka, njll., kanye Izimbangela zokwehluleka zihlanganisa ukuklama, Uqobo kanye nezici zangaphandle ngesikhathi sokwethulwa kanye nezigaba zesevisi zokukhiqiza, ukukhiqiza, nezokuthutha.Umsebenzi omkhulu ka-gearbox wukusebenzisa ngokuzinza amandla omoya anesivinini esiphansi ukukhiqiza amandla kanye nokwenyusa isivinini sokuphotha.Ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwenjini yomoya, i-gearbox isengozini enkulu yokwehluleka ngenxa yemiphumela yokushintshana kwengcindezi kanye nomthelela womthwalo [7].Amaphutha ajwayelekile kuma-gearbox ahlanganisa amagiya namaphutha okuthwala.Amaphutha e-Gearbox ngokuvamile asuka kumabheringi.Ama-bearings ayingxenye ebalulekile ka-gearbox, futhi ukwehluleka kwawo kuvame ukudala umonakalo omkhulu ku-gearbox.Ukuthwala ukwehluleka ikakhulukazi kufaka phakathi ukuxebuka kokukhathala, ukuguga, ukuphuka, ukunamathiswa, ukulimala kwekheji, njll. [8], lapho ukukhathala ukuxebuka nokuguga kuyizindlela ezimbili zokwehluleka ezivame kakhulu zokugingqa.Ukwehluleka okuvame kakhulu kwamagiya kufaka ukuguga, ukukhathala kwendawo, ukuphuka, nokuphuka.Amaphutha wesistimu ye-generator ahlukaniswe ngamaphutha emoto kanye namaphutha emishini [9].Ukwehluleka kwemishini ikakhulukazi kufaka phakathi ukwehluleka kwe-rotor kanye nokwehluleka kokuthwala.Ukwehluleka kwe-rotor ikakhulukazi kufaka phakathi ukungalingani kwe-rotor, ukuphuka kwe-rotor, nemikhono yerabha exekethile.Izinhlobo zamaphutha ezimoto zingahlukaniswa zibe amaphutha kagesi kanye namaphutha emishini.Amaphutha kagesi ahlanganisa i-short-circuit yekhoyili ye-rotor/stator, isifunda esivulekile esibangelwa ama-rotor bars aphukile, ukushisa kwe-generator, njll;amaphutha emishini ahlanganisa ukudlidliza kwejeneretha okweqile, ukuthwala ukushisa ngokweqile, ukulimala kokufakelwa, ukuguga okukhulu, njll.